Viral etiology of 363 elderly people with influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infections in Pudong New Area, Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of common respiratory viruses among influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in Pudong New Area, Shanghai , so as to help estimate the disease burden and conduct the valuable control strategies . Methods Respiratory specimen ( throat swab or sputum ) from cases older than 65 years old with ILI/SARI were collected from outpatient and inpatient settings in four sentinel hospitals in Pudong New Area . Each specimen was tested by multiplex PCR for eight target viral etiologies , including influenza virus , human rhinoviruses ( HRV ) , human para-influenza virus ( PIV ) , adenoviruses ( ADV ) , respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV ) , human metapneumovirus ( hMPV ) , human coronavirus ( hCoV ) and human bocavirus ( hBoV) .Chi-square tests or Fisher's Exact Test were used to compare and analyze . Results From January 1st, 2014 to June 30st, 2016, a total of 363 elderly cases with ILI/SARI were enrolled, with 202 (55.65%) male and a median age of 70 years old.142(39.12%) patients were detected posi-tive for any one of the eight viruses.Influenza was the predominant virus (20.94%, 76/363), with the positive proportion of ( 29 .83%) among ILI cases and ( 12 .09%) among SARI cases .The Influenza infection presented two seasonal peaks in winter ( December to February ) and summer ( July to September ) . Conclusion Influenza is identified as the leading viral pathogen both among ILI and SARI cases older than 65 years old, and two seasonal epidemic peaks areobserved in Shanghai .Influenza vacci-nation strategy should be advocated for the elderly population in Shanghai .

Surveillance and analysis on diarrheal disease pathogen spectrum among children under 5 years old in Pudong New Area of Shanghai City / 上海预防医学

[Objective] To investigate the pathogen spectrum and characteristics of diarrheal disea-ses among children under five and to provide the basis for prevention and control measures . [ Methods] From February 2012 to January 2013, a total of 619 cases from 2 sentinel hospitals were collected for case survey .From them were collected stool specimens for detection of enteric pathogenic bacteria and virus nu-cleic acids. [Results] The virus detection rate was norovirus (11.95%), rotavirus(7.27%), enteric adenovirus(2.91%), saporovirus(1.45%) and astrovirus(0.97%).The bacteria detection rate was E. coli(5.65%), nontyphoidal salmonella (2.42%), campylobacter (0.81%), aeromonas hydrophila (0.65%),shigella(0.48%) and yersinia enterocolitica (0.32%).The virus detection rate was 27.70%from August to next March, which showed higher than that of other months (18.48%) (χ2 =7.18,P <0.05).The bacteria detection rate was 15.34%from April to October, showing higher than the rate of oth-er months(3.15%)(χ2 =31.22,P<0.05). [Conclusion] Norovirus is the main pathogen for viral diarrheal diseases in children under five and E .coli is the main pathogen of bacterial diarrheal diseases . All study results suggested that summer and autumn should be as the focus time in prevention and control of bacterial diarrhea , while those of viral diarrhea should cover the whole year .

Cancer incidence and patient survival rates among the residents in the Pudong New Area of Shanghai between 2002 and 2006 / 癌症

With the growing threat of malignancy to health, it is necessary to analyze cancer incidence and patient survival rates among the residents in Pudong New Area of Shanghai to formulate better cancer prevention strategies. A total of 43,613 cancer patients diagnosed between 2002 and 2006 were recruited from the Pudong New Area Cancer Registry. The incidence, observed survival rate, and relative survival rate of patients grouped by sex, age, geographic area, and TNM stage were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier, life table, and Ederer II methods, respectively. Between 2002 and 2006, cancer incidence in Pudong New Area was 349.99 per 100,000 person-years, and the 10 most frequently diseased sites were the lung, stomach, colon and rectum, liver, breast, esophagus, pancreas, brain and central nervous system, thyroid, and bladder. For patients with cancers of the colon and rectum, breast, thyroid, brain and central nervous system, and bladder, the 5-year relative survival rate was greater than 40%, whereas patients with cancers of the liver and pancreas had a 5-year relative survival rate of less than 10%. The 1-year to 5-year survival rates for patients grouped by sex, age, geographic area, and TNM stage differed significantly (all P < 0.001). Our results indicate that cancer incidence and patient survival in Pudong New Area vary by tumor type, sex, age, geographic area, and TNM stage.

Incidence and survival condition of primary liver cancer among residents in Pudong district of Shanghai, from 2002 to 2011 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the incidence and survival rates of primary liver cancer (PLC) among residents in Pudong district of Shanghai.Methods Permanent residents of Pudong district,Shanghai were recruited in the study between 2002 and 2011,among whom 7981 PLC cases were diagnosed and 7233 death cases were certified.Both morbidity and mortality of PLC were calculated and standardized (ASR) by the world population of 1966,in order to analyze the survival condition of PLC patients on gender or address,to explore the prognosis of surgical excision treatment.Results Among the incident cases of PLC between 2002 and 2011,5754 cases were males,with an average age of 60.27; while 2227 cases were females,with an average age of 68.26.The crude incidence rate for both sexes was 30.73 per 100 000 person-year,and was 44.30 per 100 000 person-year for males,higher than that in females,17.16 per 100 000 person-year.The difference showed statistical significance (u=3.46,P＜0.01).The ASR for incidence rates were 25.72 per 100 000 person-year in males and 8.22 per 100 000 person-year in females,respectively,with difference statistically significant (u=3.00,P＜0.01).There were 7233 PLC death cases in total,including 5151 males and 2082 females,with the crude mortality rate as 27.85 per 100 000 person-year.Rate for males was 39.65 per 100 000 person-year,significantly different from 16.04 per 100 000 person-year in females,statistically (u=3.16,P＜0.01).The ASRs for mortality were 22.77 per 100 000 person-year in males and 7.39 per 100 000 person-year in females,with statistically significant difference (u=2.80,P＜0.01).Both incidence and mortality rates increased apparently for males aged over 35 and females aged over 45.The 1-to 5-year survival rates of PLC were 19.88％,14.91％,12.19％,10.29％ and 8.56％,respectively.There were statistically significant differences among urban,town and rural areas in the over-all survival rates(x2=8.711,P=0.013) ;The differences in 1-to 5-year survival rates between surgical and non-surgical groups showed statistically significant differences (u=10.8,6.93,4.75,3.3 and 2.61,respectively,P＜0.01).Conclusion The incidence and mortality rates in males were significantly higher than in females and the over-all survival in rural area was significantly lower than in other areas of Pudong district,suggesting that surgical treatment could improve the prognosis of PLC.